![]() ![]() Consist of degradative enzymes for proteins, nucleic acid, lipids and carbohydrates (macromolecules).Centrioles – Regulator of the cell cycle and cytoskeletal organisation. Golgi Apparatus – Protein and lipids produced are packaged in the Golgi for final destination.Lysosomes – Small membrane-bound organelles & bud off from the Golgi. Rough ER has ribosome attached for protein synthesis. Derived from prokaryotes and retain DNA (circular), RNA and protein machinery.Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Cytoplasmic membrane system for lipid biosynthesis and xenobiotic metabolism. Smooth outer membrane & Inner folded membrane (cristae). Nuclear pores within the nuclear membrane.Mitochondria – Cellular respiration, the oxidation of nutrients to generate energy in the form of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP). Coli) is most studied bacterium Plants, animals, fungi and protists (algae and protozoa)Size: 10-100mmCell Wall – only plants, fungi and protists (cellulose)Well defined subcellular compartments bounded by lipid membranesCytoplasm consists of organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton (shape, movement and organises many metabolic functions)Cytoskeleton: microtubules made of tublin & microfilaments made of actin.Most are multicellularDifferentiate to specialized tissue/cells Learning resources from the society for general microbiologyPractical microbiology: at microbes: Cytoskeleton – tublin and actinĮxploring organelles Prokaryotes/Bacteria Eukaryotes Nucleus – Cellular DNA. Exploring the History of Cell Biology:Timelineĭifferences Prokaryotes/Bacteria Eukaryotes BacteriaSize: 1-10mmCell Wall (murein)No distinct subcellular organellesCircular chromosome – nucleoidOften plasmids, RNA and RibosomesUnicellular or multicellularEscherichia Coli (E. Muzzarello P, A Unifying Concept: the History of Cell Theory (1999). Cell biologist today are still researching the cell.References: Mullock BM & Luzio JP, Theory of Organelle Biogenesis: a Historical Perspective (2005). pioneers in this field of electron microscopy and were the first to identify the endoplasmic reticulum and many elements of the cytoskeleton. This knowledge has profound implications for a wide range of fields, from medicine and biotechnology to ecology and evolution.ġ595 – Jansen: developed the first light microscope1655 – Hooke: described ‘cells’ in cork.1833 – Brown: described the cell’s nucleus from the orchid.1839 – Schleiden & Schwann: proposed cell theory (all organisms are comprised of cells).1858 – Rudolf Virchow: omnis cellula e cellula - cells develop only from pre-existing cells by a process called cell division1894 – Altmann: first described mitochondria.1874 – Flemming: described chromosome behaviour during mitosis.1898 – Golgi: described the Golgi apparatus.1925 Gorter & Grendel: described the basic structure of the plasma membrane.1945 Porter et al. Together, cell and molecular biology provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that govern the behavior of living organisms at the cellular and molecular level. Molecular biology, on the other hand, deals with the study of the molecular basis of life processes, including the structure and function of macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as the processes of transcription, translation, and gene regulation. It also deals with the processes of cell division, differentiation, and communication. ![]() Cell biology focuses on the structure, function, and organization of cells, including their organelles, membranes, and cytoplasm. Cells are the basic unit of life, and molecular biology deals with the study of the molecular basis of biological activity, including the interactions between molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and other biomolecules. ![]() ![]() This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about cell and molecular biology, the study of cells, their structure, function, and molecular processes. Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Introduction to Cell and Molecular Biology" by Dr Helen E. ![]()
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